A Review on the Development of Superhydrophobic Papers: Principles, Structures, and Their Role in Replacing Plastic Products

Document Type : Scientific Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Pulp and Paper Industry, Gorgan and Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resourc

2 Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

3 Associate Professor, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

Abstract

Cellulose is one of the most abundant and cost-effective raw biomaterials in the world, playing a significant role in the development of sustainable materials. Its modifiability and diverse applications, particularly in producing multifunctional paper materials, have attracted considerable attention in line with "plastic ban" policies. However, the hydrophilic nature of cellulose significantly limits its applications and poses a significant challenge in developing sustainable alternatives to plastic. In this context, producing superhydrophobic paper, characterized by a contact angle above 150° and a sliding angle of less than 10°, has emerged as an innovative solution. Inspired by the lotus effect, these papers offer unique water resistance properties. Superhydrophobic papers have particularly extensive applications in the packaging industry, as they can protect products from moisture and liquids while remaining environmentally friendly. These characteristics make superhydrophobic papers an ideal choice for packaging food, pharmaceuticals, and moisture-sensitive products. Research on the design and fabrication of superhydrophobic cellulose-based surfaces has grown significantly in recent years. Therefore, this review article first discusses the concept of superhydrophobic surfaces and the lotus effect. It then elaborates on the scientific principles of surface wettability, the governing models of this phenomenon, and the factors influencing the formation of superhydrophobic surfaces based on cellulose materials. Finally, the diverse applications of superhydrophobic papers, including sustainable packaging and the development of environmentally friendly products, are analyzed and evaluated.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Packaging Science and Art
Volume 16, Issue 61 - Serial Number 61
Serial number 61, spring 2025
July 2025
Pages 51-58

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  • Receive Date: 18 February 2025
  • Revise Date: 26 May 2025
  • Accept Date: 18 June 2025
  • Publish Date: 20 June 2025

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